{"id":7594,"date":"2023-01-10T16:53:04","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T11:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uzbunyodkor.uz\/kopikbeton-bloklarining-mustahkamlik-xossalarini-oshirish-usullari\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T16:53:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T11:53:04","slug":"kopikbeton-bloklarining-mustahkamlik-xossalarini-oshirish-usullari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uzbunyodkor.uz\/uz\/kopikbeton-bloklarining-mustahkamlik-xossalarini-oshirish-usullari\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u2018pikbeton bloklarining mustahkamlik xossalarini oshirish usullari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hozirgi vaqtda qurilish materiallari sanoatining eng muhim muammolaridan biri tabiiy muhitga nisbatan uyg\u2018un va muvozanatli faoliyatga asoslangan energiyasamarador mahsulotlar va buyumlarni mahalliy ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirishdan iborat. Resurs va energiyatejovchi texnologiyalar asosida monolit va tayyor yig\u2018ma konstruksiyali qurilish, ta\u2019mirlash va restavratsiya ishlari uchun samarali qurilish materiallari ishlab chiqarish hamda atrof-muhitga nisbatan muvozanatli faoliyat qurilish materiallari sanoatining eng muhim vazifalaridan biridir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Respublikamizning ko\u2018pgina hududlarida bu maqsadlar uchun mahalliy materiallar va turli sanoat chiqindilaridan unumli foydalanish yo\u2018lga qo\u2018yilgan. Ana shunday mahsulotlardan biri \u2013 ko\u2018pikli beton hisoblanadi. Uni qurilishda qo\u2018llashda barcha ijobiy va salbiy tomonlarini hisobga olish kerak. Ushbu materialning afzalliklari sifatida montaj tezligi va ishlov berish qulayligi, yaxshi kesilishi, frezerlanishi va burg\u2018ulanishini aytish mumkin. Shuningdek, mahsulot ekologik toza, bino uchun beton bloklari zaharli moddalarni chiqarmaydi, blokdagi teshiklar havo bilan to\u2018ldirilganligi sababli yaxshi issiqlik izolyatsiyasi xususiyatiga ega. Shovqin izolyatsiyasi yaxshi ta\u2019minlangan. Aynan shuning uchun ham ko\u2018pikli beton ko\u2018pincha bino ichki qismlarini o\u2018rnatishda ishlatiladi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ko\u2018pikli betonning asosiy kamchiliklari \u2013 mo\u2018rtligi tufayli tashish paytida ko\u2018pincha bloklarning bir qismi shikastlanadi. Kerakli mustahkamlikka ega bo\u2018lish uchun uzoq vaqt talab etiladi. Agar ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi buzilgan bo\u2018lsa, vaqt o\u2018tishi bilan materialda strukturaviy o\u2018zgarishlar yuz beradi. Bu esa devorlarning qisqarishi va yorilishlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Yuk ko\u2018tarish qobiliyatining yetarli emasligi tufayli ko\u2018pikli betondan qilingan devorlarga og\u2018ir narsalarni osib qo\u2018yish uchun maxsus mahkamlagichlardan foydalanish kerak bo\u2018ladi. Gigroskopikligi, ya\u2019ni, ko\u2018pikli beton suvni to\u2018plashi mumkin, bu esa uni atmosfera va tuproq namligidan himoya qilishni talab qiladi. Chala quritilgan bloklar yoki geometrik shakli yomon bloklarni sotib olish muammosi ham mavjud. O\u2018lchamdagi farqlari 1 dan 3 sm gacha yetishi mumkin, bu esa ko\u2018pikli betonni yopishtiruvchi eritma ustiga yotqizishni istisno qiladi.<\/p>\n

Ko\u2018pikbetonning xossalari \u2013 ushbu materialning xususiyatlari va sifati bevosita uni ishlab chiqarish xususiyatlariga bog\u2018liq. Ko\u2018pikbeton \u2013 bu mineral bog\u2018lovchi va kremnezyomist komponentiga asoslangan sun\u2019iy tosh material bo\u2018lib, teshiklari hajm bo\u2018ylab teng ravishda taqsimlanadi. Ko\u2018pikbeton blok qum, sement, suv va ko\u2018pikli vosita aralashmasidan iborat.<\/p>\n

Ko\u2018pikbeton ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi quyidagicha amalga oshiriladi:<\/p>\n

Sement-qum aralashmasiga ko\u2018pikli vosita qo\u2018shiladi va bosim kamerasida bosim ostida aralashtiriladi. Komponentlarni aralashtirgandan so\u2018ng, hosil bo\u2018lgan aralashmadan turli xil qurilish mahsulotlari yaratiladi. Masalan, devor bloklari, lintellar va taxta plitalari. \u201cGaraj\u201d deb ataladigan hunarmandchilik sharoitida ishchilar aralashmani tayyor qoliplarga quyishadi. Shu bilan birga, bu jarayonda \u201cinson omili\u201dning ham ta\u2019siri katta. Agar aralashma notekis aralashtirilsa, u qisqaradi. Texnologiyani noto\u2018g\u2018ri qo\u2018llagan holda yaratilgan bloklar notekis zichlikka ega bo\u2018lib, ularning geometrik shakli buziladi va materialning mustahkamlik xususiyatlari sezilarli darajada kamayadi. Hech bo\u2018lmaganda, tabiiy quritish usuli bilan ko\u2018pikblokning kerakli kuchga ega bo\u2018lishi uchun 28 kun talab etiladi.<\/p>\n

Ko\u2018p hollarda aksariyat yangi pudratchilar ikkita materialni bir-biri bilan aralashtirib yuborishadi. Ya\u2019ni, ko\u2018pikli beton va gazobeton bir xil material deb o\u2018ylaydiganlar ham yo\u2018q emas. Ushbu bloklarni ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi boshqacha bo\u2018lib, bu materiallarning xususiyatlariga ta\u2019sir qiladi. Gazobeton yoki gazosilikat ishlab chiqarishda avtoklav texnologiyasi qo\u2018llaniladi. Buning uchun yirik moliyaviy investitsiyalar talab qilinadi. Bu esa kichik ishlab chiqarish uchun iqtisodiy jihatdan foydasizdir. Avtoklav \u2013 bu uzoq vaqt davomida yuqori harorat va bosimda saqlanadigan maxsus o\u2018choq hisoblanadi. Avtoklavni qayta ishlash usulida bloklar yuqori harorat va bosimda avtoklavda bug\u2018 va issiqlik bilan ishlov beriladi. Avtoklavlash aralashmaning qattiqlashuv jarayonini tezlashtiradi, bu blokning mustahkamligini oshiradi, shuningdek, uning qisqarishini kamaytiradi. Ko\u2018pikli beton ishlab chiqarishda ko\u2018pincha avtoklav bo\u2018lmagan oddiy texnologiya qo\u2018llaniladi. Shuning uchun ko\u2018pikli bloklarni ishlab chiqarish gazosilikat bloklarini ishlab chiqarishga qaraganda arzonroq va past narxga ega. Ko\u2018pikli betonning issiqlik xususiyatlari sifatida uning binoda yashash uchun qulaylik darajasiga bevosita ta\u2019sir qilishini aytish mumkin. Bugun elektr narxlarining doimiy ravishda oshib borishi tufayli energiyatejamkor uy-joylarni qurish odatiy holga aylanmoqda.<\/p>\n

Tashqi to\u2018siq kontruksiyalar, shu jumladan, devorlar, bino qurilayotgan hudud uchun normallashtirilgan issiqlik uzatish qarshiligiga teng yoki undan kattaroq issiqlik qarshiligiga ega bo\u2018lishi kerak. Misol uchun, Toshkent shahri va Toshkent viloyati uchun Rreq = 4,15 m.kv * C \/ W. Rreq qiymati \u2013 bu o\u2018rab turgan konstruksiyalar uchun normallashtirilgan issiqlik uzatish qarshiligi koyeffitsiyenti hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ko\u2018pikbeton blok devorining issiqlik uzatish qiymati ushbu blokning hajmiy og\u2018irligiga bog\u2018liq. Blokning hajmiy og\u2018irligi 300 dan 1000 kg \/ m3 gacha bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Eng kop sotiladigan ko\u2018pikbeton blok bu hajmiy og\u2018irligi 400 yoki 600 kg \/ m3 bo\u2018lgan bloklardir. Hajmiy og\u2018irligi 400 kg \/ m kub bo\u2018lgan blok va 300 mm qalinligi R req = 2,158 kv.m * C \/ Vt ga ega. Bu standartlarda talab qilinganidan kamroq. Agar blokning hajmiy og\u2018irligi 600 kg \/ m3 ichida bo\u2018lsa, u holda 300 mm qalinlikdagi devorning issiqlik qarshiligi R req = 1,312 m2 * C \/ Vt ga ega, bu ham yetarli emas.<\/p>\n

Blok yaxshi quritilgan bo\u2018lsa, ma\u2019lumotlar to\u2018g\u2018ri ekanligini hisobga olish kerak. Agar blok suv bosgan bo\u2018lsa, bu uning issiqlik izolyatsiyasi xususiyatlariga salbiy ta\u2019sir qiladi. Hisob-kitoblarga ko\u2018ra, issiqlik uzatish muhandislik standartlariga javob berishi uchun ko\u2018pikbloklardan iborat devorning qalinligi bloklardagi namlikni o\u2018tkazishiga moslashtirilgan bo\u2018lib, kamida 500-600 mm bo\u2018lishi kerak. Aslida, ko\u2018pikbeton devor monolit emas, balki tayyor konsruksiyadir. Yotqizish choklari, temir kamarlar, temir-beton ramkalar \u2013 bularning barchasi issiqlik o\u2018tkazuvchanlik koeffitsiyentini oshiradigan sovuq o\u2018tkazish joyi hisoblanadi. Shu bois, maqbul ishlashga erishish uchun devor qalinligini yanada oshirish kerak.<\/p>\n

Maxsus tadqiqotlar o\u2018tkazgandan so\u2018ng, yuqori qavatli karkas-devor rigelsiz konstruktiv tizimdagi qurilmalarda yengil betondan foydalanish samarali usul deb topilgan. Bu tizimdagi qurilishlar hozirda poytaxtimizdagi bir qator ob\u2019ektlarda amalga oshirilmoqda. Ushbu bino va inshoolarning devorlari 20 sm qalinlikdagi monolit temir-betondan yasalgan. Faqat 7 sm qalinlikdagi mineral jun plitalari bilan izolyatsiya qilingan, so\u2018ngra, 3 sm qalinlikdagi sement-qum ohak gips qatlami bilan ishlangan. Issiqlik saqlash bo\u2018yicha tashqi devorlar (R0=1,31 va 1,5 (m2 0C)\/Vt bo\u2018lishi kerak) qurilish qoidalari talablariga javob bermaydi. Lekin issiqlik inersiyasi bo\u2018yicha (D=3,0 va kamida 4 bo\u2018lishi kerak) yozgi sharoitda haddan tashqari issiqlik istisnosini ta\u2019minlamaydi. Og\u2018ir betonni o\u2018rtacha zichligi 1500-1600 kg\/m3 bo\u2018lgan yengil beton bilan almashtirganda ushbu konstruktiv tizimlar normativ qish va yoz sharoitida issiqlik ko\u2018rsatkichlari talablarini ta\u2019minlaydi. Bu holda seysmik hududlarda binolarning o\u2018lik og\u2018irligining 33-38% ga kamayishi ham ahamiyatsiz emas.<\/p>\n

Toshkent arxitektura-qurilish universiteti talabasi Saida\u2019zam Saydaliyev bilan hamkorlikda tayyorlandi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hozirgi vaqtda qurilish materiallari sanoatining eng muhim muammolaridan biri tabiiy muhitga nisbatan uyg\u2018un va muvozanatli faoliyatga asoslangan energiyasamarador mahsulotlar va buyumlarni mahalliy ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirishdan iborat. Resurs va energiyatejovchi texnologiyalar asosida monolit va tayyor yig\u2018ma konstruksiyali qurilish, ta\u2019mirlash va restavratsiya ishlari uchun samarali qurilish materiallari ishlab chiqarish hamda atrof-muhitga nisbatan muvozanatli faoliyat qurilish materiallari sanoatining […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":7593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[791],"tags":[792,306],"class_list":{"0":"post-7594","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tadqiqot-uz","8":"tag-kopikbeton","9":"tag-qurilish-materiallari-uz"},"yoast_head":"\nKo\u2018pikbeton bloklarining mustahkamlik xossalarini oshirish usullari | uzbunyodkor.uz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hozirgi vaqtda qurilish materiallari sanoatining eng muhim muammolaridan biri tabiiy muhitga nisbatan uyg\u2018un va muvozanatli 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